Signal Extension ModesΒΆ
Import pywt
first
>>> import pywt
>>> def format_array(a):
... """Consistent array representation across different systems"""
... import numpy
... a = numpy.where(numpy.abs(a) < 1e-5, 0, a)
... return numpy.array2string(a, precision=5, separator=' ', suppress_small=True)
List of available signal extension modes:
>>> print(pywt.Modes.modes)
['zero', 'constant', 'symmetric', 'periodic', 'smooth', 'periodization']
Test that dwt()
and idwt()
can be performed using every mode:
>>> x = [1,2,1,5,-1,8,4,6]
>>> for mode in pywt.Modes.modes:
... cA, cD = pywt.dwt(x, 'db2', mode)
... print("Mode: %s" % mode)
... print("cA: " + format_array(cA))
... print("cD: " + format_array(cD))
... print("Reconstruction: " + format_array(
... pywt.idwt(cA, cD, 'db2', mode)))
Mode: zero
cA: [-0.03468 1.73309 3.40612 6.32929 6.95095]
cD: [-0.12941 -2.156 -5.95035 -1.21545 -1.8625 ]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Mode: constant
cA: [ 1.2848 1.73309 3.40612 6.32929 7.51936]
cD: [-0.48296 -2.156 -5.95035 -1.21545 0.25882]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Mode: symmetric
cA: [ 1.76777 1.73309 3.40612 6.32929 7.77817]
cD: [-0.61237 -2.156 -5.95035 -1.21545 1.22474]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Mode: periodic
cA: [ 6.91627 1.73309 3.40612 6.32929 6.91627]
cD: [-1.99191 -2.156 -5.95035 -1.21545 -1.99191]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Mode: smooth
cA: [-0.51764 1.73309 3.40612 6.32929 7.45001]
cD: [ 0. -2.156 -5.95035 -1.21545 0. ]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Mode: periodization
cA: [ 4.05317 3.05257 2.85381 8.42522]
cD: [ 0.18947 4.18258 4.33738 2.60428]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Invalid mode name should rise a ValueError
:
>>> pywt.dwt([1,2,3,4], 'db2', 'invalid')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Unknown mode name 'invalid'.
You can also refer to modes via Modes class attributes:
>>> for mode_name in ['zero', 'constant', 'symmetric', 'periodic', 'smooth', 'periodization']:
... mode = getattr(pywt.Modes, mode_name)
... cA, cD = pywt.dwt([1,2,1,5,-1,8,4,6], 'db2', mode)
... print("Mode: %d (%s)" % (mode, mode_name))
... print("cA: " + format_array(cA))
... print("cD: " + format_array(cD))
... print("Reconstruction: " + format_array(
... pywt.idwt(cA, cD, 'db2', mode)))
Mode: 0 (zero)
cA: [-0.03468 1.73309 3.40612 6.32929 6.95095]
cD: [-0.12941 -2.156 -5.95035 -1.21545 -1.8625 ]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Mode: 2 (constant)
cA: [ 1.2848 1.73309 3.40612 6.32929 7.51936]
cD: [-0.48296 -2.156 -5.95035 -1.21545 0.25882]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Mode: 1 (symmetric)
cA: [ 1.76777 1.73309 3.40612 6.32929 7.77817]
cD: [-0.61237 -2.156 -5.95035 -1.21545 1.22474]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Mode: 4 (periodic)
cA: [ 6.91627 1.73309 3.40612 6.32929 6.91627]
cD: [-1.99191 -2.156 -5.95035 -1.21545 -1.99191]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Mode: 3 (smooth)
cA: [-0.51764 1.73309 3.40612 6.32929 7.45001]
cD: [ 0. -2.156 -5.95035 -1.21545 0. ]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
Mode: 5 (periodization)
cA: [ 4.05317 3.05257 2.85381 8.42522]
cD: [ 0.18947 4.18258 4.33738 2.60428]
Reconstruction: [ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
The default mode is symmetric:
>>> cA, cD = pywt.dwt(x, 'db2')
>>> print(cA)
[ 1.76776695 1.73309178 3.40612438 6.32928585 7.77817459]
>>> print(cD)
[-0.61237244 -2.15599552 -5.95034847 -1.21545369 1.22474487]
>>> print(pywt.idwt(cA, cD, 'db2'))
[ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]
And using a keyword argument:
>>> cA, cD = pywt.dwt(x, 'db2', mode='symmetric')
>>> print(cA)
[ 1.76776695 1.73309178 3.40612438 6.32928585 7.77817459]
>>> print(cD)
[-0.61237244 -2.15599552 -5.95034847 -1.21545369 1.22474487]
>>> print(pywt.idwt(cA, cD, 'db2'))
[ 1. 2. 1. 5. -1. 8. 4. 6.]