Handling DWT Coefficients

Convenience routines are available for converting the outputs of the multilevel dwt functions (wavedec, wavedec2 and wavedecn) to and from a single, concatenated coefficient array.

Concatenating all coefficients into a single array

pywt.coeffs_to_array(coeffs, padding=0, axes=None)

Arrange a wavelet coefficient list from wavedecn into a single array.

Parameters:

coeffs: array-like

dictionary of wavelet coefficients as returned by pywt.wavedecn

padding : float or None, optional

If None, raise an error if the coefficients cannot be tightly packed.

axes : sequence of ints, optional

Axes over which the DWT that created coeffs was performed. The default value of None corresponds to all axes.

Returns:

coeff_arr : array-like

Wavelet transform coefficient array.

coeff_slices : list

List of slices corresponding to each coefficient. As a 2D example, coeff_arr[coeff_slices[1][‘dd’]] would extract the first level detail coefficients from coeff_arr.

See also

array_to_coeffs

the inverse of coeffs_to_array

Notes

Assume a 2D coefficient dictionary, c, from a two-level transform.

Then all 2D coefficients will be stacked into a single larger 2D array as follows:

+---------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
|               |               |                               |
|     c[0]      |  c[1]['da']   |                               |
|               |               |                               |
+---------------+---------------+           c[2]['da']          |
|               |               |                               |
| c[1]['ad']    |  c[1]['dd']   |                               |
|               |               |                               |
+---------------+---------------+ ------------------------------+
|                               |                               |
|                               |                               |
|                               |                               |
|          c[2]['ad']           |           c[2]['dd']          |
|                               |                               |
|                               |                               |
|                               |                               |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+

Examples

>>> import pywt
>>> cam = pywt.data.camera()
>>> coeffs = pywt.wavedecn(cam, wavelet='db2', level=3)
>>> arr, coeff_slices = pywt.coeffs_to_array(coeffs)

Splitting concatenated coefficient array back into its components

pywt.array_to_coeffs(arr, coeff_slices, output_format='wavedecn')

Convert a combined array of coefficients back to a list compatible with waverecn.

Parameters:

arr: array-like

An array containing all wavelet coefficients. This should have been generated via coeffs_to_array.

coeff_slices : list of tuples

List of slices corresponding to each coefficient as obtained from array_to_coeffs.

output_format : {‘wavedec’, ‘wavedec2’, ‘wavedecn’}

Make the form of the coefficients compatible with this type of multilevel transform.

Returns:

coeffs: array-like

Wavelet transform coefficient array.

See also

coeffs_to_array

the inverse of array_to_coeffs

Notes

A single large array containing all coefficients will have subsets stored, into a waverecn list, c, as indicated below:

+---------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
|               |               |                               |
|     c[0]      |  c[1]['da']   |                               |
|               |               |                               |
+---------------+---------------+           c[2]['da']          |
|               |               |                               |
| c[1]['ad']    |  c[1]['dd']   |                               |
|               |               |                               |
+---------------+---------------+ ------------------------------+
|                               |                               |
|                               |                               |
|                               |                               |
|          c[2]['ad']           |           c[2]['dd']          |
|                               |                               |
|                               |                               |
|                               |                               |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+

Examples

>>> import pywt
>>> from numpy.testing import assert_array_almost_equal
>>> cam = pywt.data.camera()
>>> coeffs = pywt.wavedecn(cam, wavelet='db2', level=3)
>>> arr, coeff_slices = pywt.coeffs_to_array(coeffs)
>>> coeffs_from_arr = pywt.array_to_coeffs(arr, coeff_slices)
>>> cam_recon = pywt.waverecn(coeffs_from_arr, wavelet='db2')
>>> assert_array_almost_equal(cam, cam_recon)